Adam's creation from the earth and human diversity

A report about earth and Adam

Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported that the Prophet ﷺ said Allah created Adam from a handful taken from across the earth. The report connects the variety among Adam's descendants with that origin and mentions different colours and qualities (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2955; Sunan Abi Dawud 4693).

Al-Tirmidhi's report is graded sahih by al-Albani and hasan sahih by al-Tirmidhi. Abu Dawud's report is graded sahih by al-Albani and hasan sahih by Shu'ayb al-Arna'ut. These are hadith reports, not a scientific account of human biology. Their mention of human differences gives no basis for racial superiority or contempt; the Qur'an says peoples and tribes were made to know one another and that honour with Allah is by righteousness (49:13).

No boasting about ancestry

The Prophet ﷺ said that all people are children of Adam and Adam was created from dust, while warning against boasting about ancestry (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3955; graded hasan by al-Albani, Ahmad Muhammad Shakir, Bashar Awad Maarouf, and Zubair Ali Zai). The Qur'an likewise says that peoples and tribes are for knowing one another and that the most honoured before Allah is the most righteous (49:13).

A report about the Black Stone

Ibn Abbas reported that the Prophet ﷺ said the Black Stone descended from Paradise whiter than milk and was darkened by the sins of the children of Adam (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 877). Its grading is recorded as sahih by Ahmad Muhammad Shakir and al-Albani, hasan sahih by Bashar Awad Maarouf, and hasan by Zubair Ali Zai. This is presented as the hadith report; it is not a scientific or geological explanation.

Sources: Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2955, 3955, 877; Sunan Abi Dawud 4693; Qur'an 49:13.